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Animal Testing | Pros & Cons | ProCon.org Home More IssuesFAQs Teachers’ Corner Animal Testing Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing? Last updated on: 5/10/2023 | Author: ProCon.org History of Animal Testing Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical , commercial, and health care uses. Research on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC. Descriptions of the dissection of live animals have been found in ancient Greek writings from as early as circa 500 BC. Physician-scientists such as Aristotle , Herophilus , and Erasistratus performed the experiments to discover the functions of living organisms. Vivisection (dissection of a living organism) was practiced on human criminals in ancient Rome and Alexandria, but prohibitions against mutilation of the human body in ancient Greece led to a reliance on animal subjects. Aristotle believed that animals lacked intelligence, and so the notions of justice and injustice did not apply to them. Theophrastus , a successor to Aristotle, disagreed, objecting to the vivisection of animals on the grounds that, like humans, they can feel pain, and causing pain to animals was an affront to the gods. Read more background… Pro & Con Arguments Pro 1 Animal testing contributes to life-saving cures and treatments for humans and animals alike. Nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals, according to the California Biomedical Research Association. To name just a few examples, animal research has contributed to major advances in treating conditions including breast cancer, brain injury, childhood leukemia, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, and tuberculosis. Testing on animals was also instrumental in the development of pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Scientists racing to develop a vaccine for coronavirus during the 2020 global pandemic needed to test on genetically modified mice to ensure that the vaccine did not make the virus worse. Nikolai Petrovsky, professor in the College of Medicine and Public Health at Flinders University in Australia, said testing a coronavirus vaccine on animals is absolutely essential” andAnimal Testing – Pros & Cons Pro & Con Quotes History of Animal Testing Did You Know? Glossary: Animals Used in Animal Testing Number of Animals Used for Testing Footnotes Cite this Page Site Map All Issues / Topics Topics A-Z New Topics Artificial Intelligence Private Prisons Space Colonization Most Popular Homework Social Media Death Penalty School Uniforms Video Games Animal Testing Gun Control Zoos Banned BooksFAQs Teachers’ Corner Cite This Page × ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): APA Chicago MLA Turabian APA (7th ed.): ProCon.org. (2023, May 10). Animal Testing. ProCon.org. https://animal-testing.procon.org [Editor’s Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries.] Chicago (17th ed.): ProCon.org, "Animal Testing," ProCon.org . last modified May 10, 2023. https://animal-testing.procon.org/. MLA (9th ed.): ProCon.org, "Animal Testing." ProCon.org . 10 May 2023, animal-testing.procon.org [Editor’s Note: The MLA citation style requires double spacing within entries.] Turabian (9th ed.): ProCon.org. "Animal Testing." ProCon.org. Last modified on May 10, 2023. Accessed April 5, 2024....